Giving Attention

These expressions can be used to give attention to

someone.

• Tell me what’s wrong?

• I suggest ....

• It’s okay. Let me .... (giving help)

• Don’t worry. I’ll .... (giving help)

• Would you like any help?

• You look in trouble, may I help you, Sir/Ma’am?

Examples:

Dialogue 1

Ane      : Polo, can you help me, please?

Polo     : Sure! What’s wrong, Ane? You look sick.

Ane      : I’ve got a headache, and my body feels cold.

Polo     : What? Here, I have a thermometer. Let me check your temperature. You have a fever, your temperature is quite high. I suggest you to see a doctor.

Dialogue 2

Yeni                 : kyu, can you do me a favour, please?

Kyuhyun          : Of course, what can I do for you?

Yeni                  : Could you buy some medicine for me? I’m not feeling well.

Kyuhyun          : I think you’ve caught cold. Don’t worry. I’ll buy you some medicine.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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Starting A Conversation

You can use the expressions to start a conversation on

phone.

• Hello. This is ....

• Hello. ... speaking.

• Can I speak to ....

• May I speak to ....

You can use the expressions to extend a conversation

on phone.

• Hold on, please.

• By the way.

• Furthermore, ....

• Moreover, ....

You can use the expressions to end a conversation.

• See you then. Bye.

• I’ll call you later.

• All right. See you again, Sir/Ma’am. Thank you very

much.

Example:

Ika                   : Hello

Yeyen              : Hello, Mia. This is Diane. May I speak to Andre, Please?

Mia                  : I’m sorry but he’s gone out. Would you like to leave a message?

Yeyen              : Yes. Please tell Viktor that I won’t be able to come for taekwondo practice this afternoon. I’ve sprained my ankle. Please tell him to inform Mr Suroso that I can’t have the practice for at least a week.

Mia                  : Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. I hope your ankle gets better soon.

Yeyen              : Thank you, Mia.

Mia                  : Hold on, please. Have you seen a doctor?

Yeyen              : I haven’t. I don’t think it’s that bad.

Mia                  : I think you’d better go to the doctor to check your ankle.

Yeyen              : Thanks for the advice, Mia. See you then. Bye.

Mia                  : You’re welcome. Bye.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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Asking Information

You can use the expressions to ask for information.

• Do you know ...?

• Can you tell me ...?

• Excuse me Sir/Ma’am

• I’d like to know ...?

You can use the expressions to give information.

• Yes. Just go .... (telling a place)

• Yes, I do know that. It ....

You can use the expressions to deny information.

• How do you know that?

• are you sure? As far as I know ....

• I’m really sorry, but ...

Exaample:

Mr Kingsley is on a summer vacation in a town. He is trying to

get to the bank but he doesn’t know how. He is asking someone

for the information.

Mr Kingsley     : Excuse me, do you know where the first National Bank is, Madam?

Miss Hana       : Yes. Just go straight down this road and the bank is on your right, Sir!

Mr Kingsley     : Thank you very much, Madam. By the way, can you tell me how to get to the

subway station from the bank?

Miss Hana       : Sure, you have to take the no. 12 bus and get off in Burbank street. The subway station is there.

Mr Kingsley     : Are you sure? As far as I know the guide book informs us that we have to take the no. 14 bus.

Miss Hana       : You’re right. I confused the no. 14 bus with the no. 12 one.

Mr Kingsley     : Thank you, Madam. Have a pleasant day.

Miss Hana       : You’re very welcome, Sir.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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Asking for Agreement

To ask for agreement, you could use these expressions.

• Do you agree?

• Would you agree with ...?

• ..., wouldn’t you say?

You can use these expressions to give an agreement.

• That's a good idea.

• Well, that’s settled.

• We seem to be saying the same thing.

You can use these expressions to respond to a statement.

·         Why not?

·         Really?

·         How true.

Example:

Winta   : It’s almost 7 p.m. How about going to the cafe. I’m hungry. Are you?

Ika       : A little bit.

Winta   : Listen! After having our dinner we’ll go for a play. Do you agree?

Ika       : Why not? That's a good idea. How about “The East Side Story”.

Winta   : Great! I’ll treat you.

Ika       : Thanks a lot.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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WH-Questions

Study the following examples.

• Who ate the apple?

• Whom did you meet at the post office this morning?

• What made you cry?

• When did you see him?

• Where did you buy the dress?

You can use WH- to build a question.

• Who is used for subjects.

• Whom is used for objects.

• Who and Whom are used if the subject and object of the sentence

are living things.

• What is used to ask the subject or object of a question.

• What is used if the subject or object is not a living thing.

• When is used to ask about time.

• Where is used to ask about place.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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Modal Auxiliaries

A.    Definition

Modal auxiliaries are helping verbs that express a wide range of meanings. Its also can be used to ask for someone’s permission or help.

B.     Expressing Ability : Can and Could

Can express ability in the present or future.

Formula : S +  Can +  V1 + Complement

Ex :

1.      Bob can play the piano

2.      You can buy  a screwdriver at a hardware store.

Negatif form of can is cannot or can’t

The past form of can is could

Ex : he could walk when he was one years old.

But that is not only its meaning. Another meaning of could is possibility.

Ex: look at those dark clouds..! It could start raining any minute.

C.    Expressing possibility : May and Might, Expressing permission : may and can

May/ might express possibility in the present or future. They have same meaning.

Ex : it may/might rain tommorow.

May is also used to give permission. Ex :

You may borrow my book.

I can have a cookie after dinner.

May I, Could I, Can I                           kinds of modal which can be used to express for someone permission or agreement.

Polite question	Possible answer	Please can come at the end of the questions :may I borrow your pen, please ? Please can be omitted from the question.
May I borrow your pen, please ? Could I please borrow your book ? Can I talk to him ?	Yes, Yes, of course Yes, certainly Of course. Sure (informal) Okay (informal)

Would you, could you, will you, can you                    for expressing someone’s help.

Polite question	Possible answer	the use of can is less formal than the others.
Would you/ could you/will you/can you please open the door?	Yes, Yes, of course Yes, certainly Of course. Sure (informal) Okay (informal)

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Because and Because of

Roses

Does anybody know anything about roses? Yes, its lovely perfume and beautiful blooms is one of the best in the world. Now let me tell you more about roses. You know the rose is one of the most popular of all garden flowers because of its lovely perfume and beautiful blooms. We can divide roses into wild roses and garden roses. Wild roses usually have small flowers and have a single layer of five petals. And garden roses usually have big flowers with multiple sets of five petals in two or more layers. There are 100 species of wild roses, now over 13.000 official varieties of garden roses altogether.

Because and Because of

Because and because of are showing cause and effect. We use because and because of to express the reason of our reason or opinion.

Because is a conjunction, and it is used before a clause. For example: The air is dirty because there are a lot of industrial smokes polluting it.

Because of means as the result of. It is a preposition, and used before a noun or pronoun. For example. The earth temperature rise because of the level of carbon dioxide.

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Asking for Items from Someone

You can use these expressions to ask for items from

someone.

• Can I have ...?

• Can you give me ...?

• May I have ...?

You can use these expressions to give items to

someone.

• Here you are.

• This is for you.

• I’d like to give you ....

• Please accept ....

You can use these expressions to reject items from

someone.

• No, thank you.

• Not for me, thanks.

• Not this time, thanks.

You can use these expressions to ask for opinions.

• What do you think ...?

• What’s your opinion ...?

• How do you feel about?

You can use these expressions to give opinions.

• I think ....

• I must say ....

• From my point of view ....

Example:

Ika  and all his classmates are going to Dufan. Ika is chatting

with his best friend, Keken.

Ika       : It’s very exciting today.

Keken  : Yes, it is. I’m having so much fun.

Ika       : Which is the most exciting game for you here?

Keken  : Well, I must say that roller coaster is the most exciting game.

Ika       : Yes, I agree. The roller coaster gave me an unforgettable experience. I think I want to ride it again.

Keken  : Yes, me too. By the way, are you chewing gum? Can I have some?

Ika       : Yes, of course. Here you are.

Keken  : Thanks.

Ika       : Do you want the new banana 􀃁 avour? It tastes good.

Keken  : Not for me, thanks. I don’t like bananas.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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Asking for Help

To ask for someone’s help, you could use these

expressions:

• Can you help me, ...?

• Please, help me.

• Can you do me a favour, please?

• Would you be so kind as to ...?

To give help to someone, you could use these

expressions:

• Let me give you a hand.

• Here, I’ll do it for you.

• May I help you with ..., Sir/Ma’am?

To reject someone’s help, you could use these

expressions:

• No, it’s not necessary.

• Thank you for offering, but ....

To admit a fact, you could use these expressions:

• Yes, I admit it.

• Yes, I did ....

• Yes, it’s true.

To deny a fact, you could use these expressions:

• I’m not lying, Dad. (actually you lie).

• No, I didn’t say that. (actually you said it).

• The �� ower smells good. (actually the �� ower smells

bad)

Example:

Heechul           : Yen, can you do me a favour, please?

Yeni                 : Of course, what can I do for you?

Heechul             : Would you be so kind as to take care of my cat. I’m going to Bogor tomorrow to visit my uncle, he is sick. I’ll be there for about two days.

Yeni                 : I’d be very happy to take care of your cat. I love cats.

Heechul           : Great. Thanks.

Yeni                 : Should I bathe it?

Heechul           : No, it’s not necessary.

Taken from: English in Focus Grade VIII

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The Degrees of Comparison

1.      Positive

As …  As is used to say that the two parts of comparison are equal or the same in some way.

For example: Erick is 14 years old. Windy is also 14.         Erick is as old as Windy.

2.      Comparative

It is used to show the differences between two objects

Ø  If adj/adv consist of one syllable:

Formula :      S1 + to be/V + adj/adv. + -er + than+S2

Ø  If adj./adv consists of two or more syllables

Formula :  S1 + to be/V+ more + adj/adv +than + S2

Examples  :

• I am older than you
• A dog runs faster than a cat
• My mother drives a car more carefully than my brother

3. Superlative

The Superlative compares one part of a whole group to all the rest of the group.

Form : -est or most.

Notice : A superlative begins with the.

The + adj (adv) + est + noun + in/of

The + most + adj (adv) + noun + in/of

Examples :

•      Fatimah is the smartest student in my class

•      Elvis Presley is the greatest musician in the world

•      Clara,Mary and Alice were nervous, but Mary was the most nervous of all

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